A plant ideotype for Bromus inermis Leyss. in Western Canada

Summary This study relates the yield of two harvests of Bromus inermis Leyss. to tiller type and morphology. Tillers were classified as being nonelongated, elongated and headed. At four times during the growing season, observations were made of tiller density; individual tiller weight; leaf number, area and weight; stem length, area and weight; leaf to stem ratio; specific leaf weight; head area and weight.Results showed that there was a pattern of tiller control over yield which was different for each of the two harvests. Stem characters contribute more to yield than leaves. Growth, early in the season, had a prominent effect on yield of the first harvest and also influenced the second harvest. Height at the time of each harvest was highly predictive of yield of the respective harvests. A morphological ideotype for bromegrass harvested twice in a season was described.     

模拟酸雨对杨梅生理生化特征的影响

研究了不同强度模拟酸雨对6年生东魁杨梅生理生化特征的影响。结果表明:随着模拟酸雨胁迫加剧,叶片可见伤害症状严重,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及叶绿素a/b比值显著降低,光系统I(IPSII)的潜在化学活性(Fv/Fo)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著降低,水分利用效率和光合能力显著下降,细胞质膜透性增加,MDA含量增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性受到明显抑制,从而抑制杨梅的生长发育。     

外源DNA导入小麦后的变异系生物学特性及胚乳蛋白的研究

应用受粉后的花粉管能通道Ｃ４作物高梁ＤＮＡ和抗逆性强的长穗偃麦草ＤＮＡ导入小麦，结果在不同组合中出现了不同类型的广泛变异，在三个组合中已选育出几个稳定遗传的优良变异系，其生物学性状大多是介于原受体和供体之间。主要特性是叶功能期延长，籽粒千粒重和单株粒重增加，增产显著，抗锈病能力增强等，其胚乳蛋白电泳图谱发季了明显变化，在变异系中产生了新的蛋白质组分，而且Ａ区和Ｂ区增加的是蛋白质群，相反原受体６８－     

A simple procedure for yield component analysis

Summary This paper introduces a simple method of analysing yield components. It allows quantification of the contribution of each component to the variability of final yield. The method is based on log-transforms of measurements of the component traits. Applications in heterosis breeding and stability analysis are discussed. The method is compared to other procedures of yield component analysis.     

叶底珠种子形态与组分研究

对叶底珠种子形态特征和内含物组分含量进行了研究测定。结果表明：①叶底珠种子呈蒜瓣状，种皮棕色，角质，稍具光泽，属双子叶有胚乳种子。种子长宽厚大小为2．21mm×1．67mm×1．52mm，单粒重3．14mg。②叶底珠种子发芽率为99％，是子叶出土幼苗，种子萌发所需时间较短，从浸种到萌发，水培、24℃恒温箱中大约需3d；土培、室温约需7d。③叶底珠种子粗脂肪含量为37．12％，明显高于可溶性糖（0．0603％）、淀粉（3．5703％）、游离氨基酸（0．0933％）、蛋白质（12．16％）等其它内含物的含量，还含有Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn等多种矿质元素，且Ca、Mg含量明显高于其它矿质元素。     

Genetic diversity of Brassica napus L. Germplasm from China and Europe assessed by some agronomically important characters

Summary The genetic diversity and relationships among 63 rapeseed accessions, including 34 Chinese, 22 Czech, 2 Swedish, 2 German, one French and 2 Canadian accessions, were evaluated by nine agronomically important characters in the field at Yangling, Shaanxi, China. Significant differences between Chinese and European group in plant height, setting position of the first primary branch, number of siliques of the terminal raceme, thousand seed weight and seed yield per plant were detected. There were significant variations in nine agronomic characters among the tested rapeseed accessions. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis distances on the raw data of nine agronomic characters clearly separated the European accessions from the Chinese ones. However, the Chinese accessions with erucic acid free and/or low glucosinolates could not be separated from those Chinese accessions with both high erucic acid and glucosinolates. In general, cluster analysis of the 63 accessions based on the selected agronomic characters was consistent with known pedigree information and geographic origin, as well as the previous RAPD results of these accessions. The European rapeseed could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of Chinese rapeseed, and vice versa.     

Introduction to an investigation into the possibilities of using physiological characters in breeding tomato for low energy conditions

Summary An introduction is given to a series of papers on an investigation into the possibilities of using physiological characters in breeding tomato for low energy conditions.     

Analysis of Characters and Germplasm of Significance to Improvement of Australian Native Waratahs (Telopea spp., family Proteaceae) for Cut Flower Production

Waratahs (Telopea spp.) are cultivated for their blooms for the international cut flower market. A morphometric study was conducted on a range of cultivated waratah varieties to determine the variability of selected characters of horticultural importance and which parents might be of value in future breeding programs. Univariate analysis of characters of 13 cultivars revealed the greatest range of variation in number of flowers, bract dimensions, flower colour and leaf margin type. Differences were observed between number of flowers per inflorescence in the T. speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. group of accessions and the other species cultivars; interspecific cultivars with T. mongaensis, Cheel and T. oreades F. Muell. were intermediate, with a similar pattern observed in bract length and width. Multivariate analysis (canonical variate analysis – CVA) discriminated between waratah cultivars on the basis of flower colour (first axis), then flower number, bract length, leaf width and leaf margin type (axis 2). The third axis also separated leaf width, the fourth leaf length and width, and the fifth leaf apex shape, CVA was also used to explore the genetic contribution of three parent T. speciosissima cultivars to hybrid populations. Hybrids with ‘Sunflare’, ‘Sunburst’ or ‘Wirrimbirra White’ as one parent were very dispersed indicating the range of inheritance of the observed phenotypic characters, leading to the possibility of selecting individuals with the required degree of character inheritance. It was demonstrated that the Telopea speciosissima type, which forms the basis of the waratah cut flower industry, may be improved by hybridising with other Telopea species. The application of the results to the development of waratah breeding programs is discussed.     

‘小偃60’在不同水氮条件下的用水特性

以过筛土壤为培养基础,以圆形桶为容器,设置了3个水分梯度(W0、W1、W2,分别为田间持水量的50%、65%、80%)、4个氮素梯度(N0、N1、N2、N3,施氮量分别为每桶0 g·kg?1、0.10 g·kg?1、0.20 g·kg?1、0.29 g·kg?1),探究冬小麦新品系‘小偃60’干物质积累与分配、水分利用效率、光合参数的变化规律,为其推广及高产高效栽培提供依据。结果表明,水、氮均对冬小麦生物量及产量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶水势、叶片净光合速率等有显著影响,且水对籽粒产量的主效应大于氮肥。水分和氮肥适宜处理(W2N2)比水分和氮肥轻度亏缺处理(W1N1)增产66.03%,W1N1比水分和氮肥严重亏缺(W0N0)增产153.30%。在相同水分处理下,冬小麦叶绿素SPAD值随着施氮量的升高而升高,而在相同施氮量条件下,水分严重亏缺处理(W0)和水分适宜处理(W2)的冬小麦叶绿素SPAD值均低于水分轻度亏缺处理(W1)。水分对叶片水势为正效应,表现为随着土壤含水量的增加显著升高到不明显升高趋势。光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)均随着施氮量的增加而升高,Pn、Tr随土壤水分提高而上升,WUEi却随土壤水分提高而下降。在低氮(N1)或者不施氮肥(N0)条件下,产量水分利用效率(WUEy)随水分的增加表现先升高而后变化不明显的变化趋势;在适宜氮肥(N2)和高氮(N3)条件下,WUEy随着水分的增加而升高。通过对试验结果的分析得出如下结论:1合理的水氮管理使‘小偃60’的籽粒产量及水分利用效率(WUE)维持在较高水平,过多水肥均引起产量及WUE下降;2不同水氮下籽粒产量、水分利用效率均与叶片净光合速率显著正相关;3‘小偃60’在河北环渤海地区更适合在低水中肥条件下种植。     

飞船搭载番茄种子SP_1的生物学效应

研究了 4个番茄品种经飞船搭载后 ,番茄种子的发芽、植株生长、果实和抗病性的影响。结果表明 :搭载番茄种子的发芽率和发芽势有一定的变化 ,这种变化随品种而异。番茄种子经搭载处理后 ,其平均初花期推迟 0 7～ 5 4d ,且株间变异增加 ;植株有矮化的趋势。空间条件对番茄第一花序节位、花序间隔节位、小花数、座果率及果实大小有一定的影响。此外还发现在叶形、果色等有变异的植株